Acid Reflux -- What Is It?

Most people have heard of acid reflux, but many wonder just what is it. Here's an explanation.

As part of the digestive process our stomachs produce an incredible amount of acid. It's remarkable that the stomach can survive the acid environment it creates. It does because the line of the stomach is especially prepared to handle the acid within it. 

 However other parts the G.I. tract are not. In particular the esophagus, the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach, is not off prepared to handle the acid in the stomach.

Normally that isn't a problem because at the end of the esophagus there is an area of high pressure referred to as the lower esophageal sphincter.

Although it's not an actual mechanical valve when it's working properly it functions as if it is one. That is, it prevents the acid in the stomach from backing up into the esophagus.

However if the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't work properly, the acid can back up into the he suffered us. That is what acid reflux is. It's the backing up of acid from the stomach into the esophagus which is not prepared to handle it.

The burning sensation of heartburn actually is an acid burn in the lower esophagus.  Like any acid burn this causes damages.

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In relatively mild cases, the damage will be rather slight.  There's just a little mild irritation of the esophagus. Over time and with increased severity, the damage can become worse. Sometimes the esophagus becomes raw, red and bleeds.

As the esophagus tries to heal, scar tissue can develop. In some people so much cord tissue forms that the lower esophagus is actually narrowed. This narrowing is called a structure and become so severe that it is difficult to swallow solid food.

Obviously no one wants to get to that point. That's why it's important to treat acid reflux in the early stages. It is more than just an annoyance. It can actually become a serious problem.

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